Nationalism and The Creation of Italy

Nationalism is having honor or pride of your country. It's like if you live in America you show pride by putting flags up and and also you can die for your country by joining the military.I believe that I am nationalistic when I celebrate the 4th of July. I'm being nationalistic becuase I care and celebrate for what the 4th of July stands for. We celebrate the date of 4th of July because that's the day which America gained it's independence from the british.
The unification of Italy is a perfect example of how nationalism brought it to be what it is now, Italy. Before Italy was fully claimed as Italy, it first had to be let go by the Spanish Bourbon Family Empire and the Austrian Empire. Italy and other small states were uinder the control of these empires. Then an Italian man named Camillo di Cavour believed that the only way to win back Italy is to join forces with the French Emporer Napoleon the third. After they had won back the northern part of Italy, Camillo di Cavour joined forces with Sardinia & France to take Italy completly back from the two empires.These leaders helped bring Italy together. The people of Italy were tired or the other rules they had to obey from the empire. So by joining together as a nation they were able to stand up to the empire.

Simon Bolivar

Simon Bolivar was known throughout South America as the South Liberator. He helped his country of Venezuela and other countries win their freedom from the powers of Europe. His life of being a liberator all started when Spain empire gained control of many countries of South America. Countries such as Ecuador, Colombia, and etc. were all controled by Spain. The Spain Empire was inn control by Napoleon's brother which meant that South America was controled by the Europeans.
After studying the beliefs of philosophers such as John Locke and etc in Europe. He began to realize that South America was suffering under the control of Spain. Simon had learned how and why did the French revolt in order to gain their freedom. He was then traveling back to his country. Before returning back home from Europe he made a stop in the United States. He had learned that the United States had also revolted against the British in order to win their Independence. So when Simon finally came back to Venezuela he knew it was time for South America to do something like the French and American's did in order to win their Freedom. Simon began to build up armies of citizens who also wanted to gain their freedom. Even thought he had lost many battles he began to build a reputation for himself. The people began to believe that he was the leader of them Independence movement. Even thought he kept losing battles he continued. He kept going on and on until he finally won the freedom of his home country of Venezuela in the year of 1821. He helped many other countries when their freedom from Spain. He even had a country named after him which Bolivia.

Robespierre and The Reign of Terror

Maximilien Robespierre was one of the leaders during the French Revolution. He was born on May 6th of the year 1758.He was one of the many great leaders during his time. Being a leader in the French Revolution meant that he was part of the public safety committee of France. He disagreed on the code of absolute monarchy over France. Even though they were able to overthrow King Louis XVI, France still did not obtain their freedom right away. It took many more years to come for them to obtain their freedom. France had finally stopped France from being a monarchy. The Revolution the began to spread. there were many rivals against the revolution. They threaten France by telling them to let free King Louis XVI or they would invade France. They had to go through a time period call the Reign of Terror. After the government of France stop being an absolute monarchy Robespierre took over France. He took over France like a dictator. He wanted to get ride of the idea of France's government from being an absolute monarchy.

Robespierre was important during the Reign of Terror. After the government of France stop being an absolute monarchy Robespierre took over France. He took over France like a dictator. He wanted to get ride of the idea of France's government from ever being an absolute monarchy. During the Reign of Terror he was arrested and executed in 1784 because the committee of public safety felt that he was trying to take over so they stood up to him. He was executed for his beliefs of France not being an absolute monarchy. The Reign of Terror was a period during the French Revolution which was harsh for many French people. The terror began on September 5, 1793 and lasted 10 months till July 1794. Thousand of people were killed over this time period. They were all executed by the same way King Louis XVI was which was by the guillotine. Thousands of people's heads were all cut off.About 18,500 to 40,000 people died during the Reign of Terror.

French Revolution : Social Causes

The French Revolution which took place in 1789 to 1799 was just like the American Revolution. The people with less or no political power revolted on those with greater political power. France's government was not being fair to the French peasants. The peasants were living in the time of an absolute monarchy. The peasants were charged high taxes when crops did not grow. They had to pay the government more then half of their profits that they have made. They peasants were treated all unfair. King Louis XVI did not care what he was doing to his people. He was a selfish king who only cared about himself. He had power over everything. In order for the French to gain political power they had to rise up to King Louis XVI. The peasants did they went and took over the Bastille on July 14 1789. Later that year that year the peasants marched to Versailles where the King Louis XVI and his wife were at and brought them to Paris. At one point the king try to flee Paris but could not. The king and his wife were later executed. The king and his wife heads were cut off by the guillotine. After that the peasants were allowed to have their freedom they wanted and to have political power over who gets to run the government. So July 14 is celebrated in France like we celebrate the 4th of July in America.

Copernicus and the Trial of Galileo

During the 1500's people were debating over to solar system theories. One theory was that the earth was the center of all planets including the sun which is called the geocentric theory. Another theory was that the sun was the the center of all planets, this theory was called the heliocentric theory. The heliocentric theory was a theory made by Nicolaus Copernicus. He was born in the year 1473 till 1543. Copernicus mad a model of the sun being the center of the earth and all the other planets.




The trial of Galileo is a trial from the RCC against the belief of a man named Galileo Galilei. Galileo was an Italian scientist who was born on February 15, 1564. He invented one of the first telescope which was very useful to him. The trial of Galileo is about a man useful to him. With the telescope he was able to make observations of the planets. His observations changed the whole teachings of the Roman Catholic Church about the solar system. He discovered many new things about the other planets such as which planets had moons and he study our own moon. But his teaching and beliefs went against the Roman Catholic's teachings. The church told Galileo to take back all his beliefs but he refused. After refusing they put Galileo to trial and sentence him to have house arrest for the rest of his life. After many years of house arrest he later died at the age of seventy-seven. When he died, he died defending his theory and also died with the end of the Italian Renaissance. His theory was not later proven many years later by both science and the RCC.

Scientific Revolution : Scientific Method

During the Scientific Revolution, science was beginning to be more interesting to the Europeans. Interested in science the Greek philosopher Aristotle came up with ideas for the scientific method. With this method the European scientist would be able to ask a question and take it into a process of certain questions. They would first attempt to make a hypothesis. They would later take their problem and experiment with it to find their answer. After experimenting they would see if there hypothesis was correct to their final outcome or incorrect. Many other people were important in the thinking of the scientific revolution. Men such as an English writer by the name of Francis Bacon who believed that all scientist should be able to get an answer to any giving problem by experimenting and observing. Another man by the name of Rene Descartes who was a French mathematician also influenced the scientific method. The scientific revolution was important for the Europeans and the the people after them because till this day scientist still use the scientific revolution.

Evolution vs. Creation

The evolution theory of Natural Selection was based on the theory that one man came to find. He was Charles Darwin. He believed that every living cell all had one common ancestor. He believed the organisms who's trait changed in the way they look or if they had extra features were to breed more and pass their traits to future generations. Those species who's traits did not change all eventually died out. Even though there is proof of this theory, there are still those who believe in the creation theory.


The theory of creation is believed by many people. Many people believed that the living organisms were all created at one point. That the theory has to do with god. They believe that God just made every living cell on Earth. This theory is believed by many priest and churches. The theory is read and told by priest through the reading of the bible. The theory of creation is being debated against the theory of evolution.


There are those who believe that god mad everyone and those who believe that everyone evolved from a common ancestor. The belief of evolution is taught is certain area such as public schools. The belief of the creation is taught in churches.